MIPEX Results: Access to Nationality (2007 - 2010)

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		27 MIPEX II COUNTRIES
		Australia (5)
		Austria (25)
		Belgium (7)
		Bulgaria (27)
		Canada (3)
		Cyprus (32)
		Czech Republic (21)
		Denmark (15)
		Estonia (20)
		EU 10
		EU 12
		EU 15
		EU 25
		EU 27
		EUROPE
		Finland (4)
		France (16)
		Germany (13)
		Greece (17)
		Hungary (23)
		Ireland (18)
		Italy (11)
		Japan (29)
		Latvia (33)
		Lithuania (28)
		Luxembourg (12)
		Malta (30)
		Netherlands (6)
		Norway (8)
		Poland (26)
		Portugal (2)
		Romania (22)
		Serbia (34)
		Slovakia (31)
		Slovenia (19)
		Spain (9)
		Sweden (1)
		Switzerland (24)
		United Kingdom (14)
		USA (10)

		EUROPE
		27 MIPEX II COUNTRIES
		EU 27
		EU 25
		EU 12
		EU 15
		EU 10
		Sweden (1)
		Portugal (2)
		Canada (3)
		Finland (4)
		Australia (5)
		Netherlands (6)
		Belgium (7)
		Norway (8)
		Spain (9)
		USA (10)
		Italy (11)
		Luxembourg (12)
		Germany (13)
		United Kingdom (14)
		Denmark (15)
		France (16)
		Greece (17)
		Ireland (18)
		Slovenia (19)
		Estonia (20)
		Czech Republic (21)
		Romania (22)
		Hungary (23)
		Switzerland (24)
		Austria (25)
		Poland (26)
		Bulgaria (27)
		Lithuania (28)
		Japan (29)
		Malta (30)
		Slovakia (31)
		Cyprus (32)
		Latvia (33)
		Serbia (34)

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OVERALL SCORE WITH EDUCATION (ONLY FOR 2010)

OVERALL SCORE WITHOUT EDUCATION (FOR COMPARING 2007 AND 2010)

LABOUR MARKET MOBILITY

ACCESS

Immediate access to employment

Access to private sector

Access to public sector

Immediate access to self-employment

Acess to self-employment

ACCESS TO GENERAL SUPPORT

Access to public employment services

Equality of access to education and vocational training, including study grants

Recognition of academic and professional qualifications acquired outside the EU

TARGETED SUPPORT

State facilitation of recognition of skills and qualifications obtained outside the...

Measures to further the integration of third-country nationals into the labour market...

Additionnal measures to further the integration of third-country nationals into the...

Support to access public employment services

WORKERS' RIGHTS

Membership of and participation in trade unions associations and work-related negotiation...

Equal access to social security

Equal working conditions

Active policy of information on rights of migrant workers by national level (or regional...

FAMILY REUNION FOR THIRD-COUNTRY NATIONALS

ELIGIBILITY

Family reunion eligibility conditions (average)

Eligibility for ordinary legal residents

Documents taken into account to be eligible for family reunion

Eligibility conditions for partners other than spouses (average)

Eligibility for stable long term relationships or registered partnerships

Age limits for sponsors and spouses

Eligibility for minor children

Eligibility for dependent relatives in the ascending line

Eligibility for dependent adult children

CONDITIONS FOR ACQUISITION OF STATUS

Pre departure integration conditions (average)

Form of pre-departure language measure for family member abroad

Level of language requirement

Form of pre-departure integration measure for family member abroad

Pre-departure requirement exemptions

Conductor of pre-departure requirement

Cost of pre-departure requirement

Support to pass pre-deparure requirement

Cost of support

Upon arrival integration conditions (average)

Form of language requirement for sponsor and / or family member after arrival on...

Level of language requirement

Form of integration requirement for sponsor and / or family member after arrival...

Language / integration requirement exemptions

Conductor of language / integration requirement

Cost of language / integration requirement

Support to pass language / integration requirement

Cost of support

Accommodation requirement

Economic resources requirement

Maximum length of application procedure

Costs of application and / or issue of permit or renewal

SECURITY OF STATUS

Duration of validity of permit

Grounds for rejecting, withdrawing or refusing to renew status

Before refusal or withdrawal, due account is taken of (regulated by law)

Legal guarantees and redress in case of refusal or withdrawal

RIGHTS ASSOCIATED WITH STATUS

Right to autonomous residence permit for partners and children reaching age of majority...

Right to autonomous residence permit in case of widowhood, divorce, separation, death,...

Right to autonomous residence permit for other family members having joined the sponsor...

Access to education and training for adult family members

Access to employment and self-employment

Access to social security and social assistance, healthcare and housing

EDUCATION

ACCESS

Access and support to access pre-primary education

Access to compulsory-age education

The assessment in compulsory education of migrants' prior learning and language qualifications...

Support to access secondary education

Access and support to access and participate in vocational training

Access and support to access and participate in higher education

Access to advice and guidance on system and choices at all levels of compulsory and...

TARGETING NEEDS

Requirement for provision in schools of intensive induction programmes for newcomer...

Provision of continuous and ongoing education support in language(s) of instruction...

Provisions included in compulsory and pre-primary education

Provisions include communicative and academic literacy

Provisions include quality measures

Policy on pupil monitoring targets migrants

Targeted policies to address educational situation of migrant groups

Teacher training and professional development programmes include courses that address...

NEW OPPORTUNITIES

Provision of option to learn immigrant languages (average)

Provision of option (in or outside school) to learn immigrant languages

How and when are language classes delivered

Provision of option to learn immigrant cultures (average)

Provision of option (in or outside school) to learn about migrant pupils' cultures...

How and when is option on cultures of origin delivered

Measures to promote social integration through school (average)

Monitoring segregation between educational institutions

Measures to promote societal integration

Measures to support migrant parents and communities in the education of their children...

INTERCULTURAL EDUCATION FOR ALL

Inclusion of intercultural education and appreciation of cultural diversity in school...

State support for public information initiatives to promote the appreciation of cultural...

possibility to modify school curricula and teaching materials to reflect changes...

Adaptability of daily life at school based on cultural or religious needs to avoid...

Measures to support bringing migrants into the teacher workforce

Inclusion of intercultural education and appreciation of cultural diversity for all...

POLITICAL PARTICIPATION

ELECTORAL RIGHTS

Right to vote in national elections

Right to vote in regional elections

Right to vote in local elections

Right to stand for elections at local level

POLITICAL LIBERTIES

Right to association

Membership of and participation to political parties

Right to create media

CONSULTATIVE BODIES

Implication of foreign residents at national level (average)

Consultation of foreign residents on national level

Composition of consultative body of foreign residents on national level

Leadership of consultative body

Institutionalisation (as either right or duty of body in law)

Representativeness

Implication of foreign residents at regional level (average)

Consultation of foreign residents on regional level

Composition of consultative body of foreign residents on regional level

Leadership of consultative body

Institutionalisation (as either right or duty of body in law)

Representativeness

Implication of foreign residents at capital city level (average)

Consultation of foreign residents on local level in capital city

Composition of consultative body of foreign residents on local level in capital city...

Leadership of consultative body

Institutionalisation (as either right or duty of body in law)

Representativeness

Implication of foreign residents on local city level (average)

Consultation of foreign residents on local level in city (other than capital) with...

Composition of consultative body of foreign residents on local level in city (other...

Leadership of consultative body

Institutionalisation (as either right or duty of body in law)

Representativeness

IMPLEMENTATION POLICIES

Active policy of information by national level (or regional in federal states)

Public funding or support of immigrant organisations on national level

Public funding or support of immigrant organisations on regional level

Public funding or support of immigrant organisations on local level in capital city...

Public funding or support of immigrant organisations on national level in city

LONG TERM RESIDENCE

ELIGIBILITY

Eligibility conditions (average)

Required time of habitual residence

Documents taken into account for eligibility

Is time of residence as a pupil / student counted?

Periods of absence allowed previous to granting of status

CONDITIONS FOR ACQUISITION OF STATUS

Integration conditions (average)

Form of language requirement

Level of language requirement

Form of intergration requirement

Language / integration requirement exceptions

Conductor of language / integration requirement

Cost of language / integration requirement

Support to pass language / integration requirement

Cost of support

Economic resources requirement

Maximum length of application procedure

Costs of application and / or issue of status

SECURITY OF STATUS

Duration of validity of permit

Renewable permit

Periods of absence allowed after granting of status

Grounds of rejecting, withdrawing or refusing to renew status

Protection against expulsion. Due account taken of:

Expulsion precluded

Legal guarantees and redress in case of refusal, non-renewal or withdrawal

RIGHTS ASSOCIATED WITH STATUS

Residence right after retirement

Access to employment (with the only exception of activities involving the exercise...

Access to social security, social assistance and healthcare, and housing

Recognition of academic and professional qualifications

ACCESS TO NATIONALITY

ELIGIBILITY

First generation immigrants

Periods of absence allowed previous to acquisition of nationality

Requirements for spouses, partners and cohabitees of nationals (average)

Spouses of nationals

Partners and cohabitees

Second generation immigrants (born in the country)

Third generation immigrants (born in the country)

CONDITIONS FOR ACQUISITION

Language requirements and exemptions (average)

Language requirement

Language requirement exemptions

Conductor of language requirement

Cost of language requirement

Support to pass language requirement

Cost of language support

Citizenship / integration requirements and exemptions (average)

Citizenship / integration requirement

Citizenship / integration requirement exemptions

Conductor of citizenship / integration requirement

Cost of citizenship / integration requirement

Support to pass citizenship / integration requirement

Cost of citizenship / integration requirement

Economic resources requirement

Criminal record requirement

Good character clause

Maximum length of application procedure

Costs of application and / or issue of nationality title

SECURITY OF STATUS

Additional grounds for refusing status

Discretionary powers in refusal

Additionnal elements taken into account before refusal

Legal guarantees and redress in case of refusal

Grounds for withdrawing status

Time limits for withdrawal

Withdrawal that would lead to statelessness

DUAL NATIONALITY

Requirement to renounce / lose foreign nationality upon naturalisation for first...

Dual nationality for second and / or third generation.

ANTI-DISCRIMINATION

DEFINITIONS AND CONCEPTS

Definition of discrimination includes direct and indirect discrimination, harassment...

Definition of discrimination includes discrimination by association and on basis...

Anti-discrimination law applies to natural and legal persons

Anti-discrimination law applies to the public sector

Legal prohibitions in matters of discrimination

Restriction of freedom of association, assembly and speech is permitted when impeding...

Existence of specific rules covering multiple discrimination

FIELDS OF APPLICATION

Employment and vocational training

Education (primary and secondary)

Social protection, including social security

Social advantages

Access to and supply of goods and services available to the public, including housing...

Access to and supply of goods and services available to the public, including health...

ENFORCEMENT MECHANISMS

Access for victims, irrespective of grounds of discrimination to judicial, criminal...

Alternative dispute resolution procedures

Grounds for access for victims

Average length of procedures

Shift in burden of proof

Acceptance by national legislation of courts accepting situation testing and statistical...

Protection against victimisation

State provides financial assistance to pursue complaint where victims do not have...

Role of legal entities with a legitimate interest in defending principle of equality...

Range of legal actions

Range of sanctions

Discriminatory motivation treated as aggravated circumstance

EQUALITY POLICIES

Specialised Equality Agency has been established with a mandate to combat discrimination...

Specialised Agency has the powers to assist victims

Specialised Agency acts as a quasi-judicial body

Specialised Agency has the legal standing to engage in proceedings in name of the...

Specialised Agency has the power to instigate proceedings in own name, lead own investigation...

State itself disseminates information and provides and ensures structured social...

Existence at national level of mechanisms to ensure compliance with anti-discrimination...

Obligation for public bodies to promote equality in their functions and ensure that...

Law provides for introduction of positive action measures and assesment of these...

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2007

2010